Nuclear Reactor

Nuclear Reactor
Properties
Type	Generator
Tool
Stackable	Yes (64)
Technical Details
UU Cost	{{{uu_cost}}}
First appearance	?
ID	IC2:{{{id}}}

The Nuclear Reactor is a generator that produces EU by slowly breaking down refined Uranium Cells. As cells decay inside the reactor they produce heat. Heat may be removed by cooling methods. If cooling is insufficient, the reactor will gradually overheat and eventually explode, violently.

Copper cable is sufficient for basic reactors, advanced reactors will require gold or even HV cable.

Each cell will last 10,000 seconds (~2h 47min) inside the reactor, providing at least 10EU/t power (at least 2 million EU per cell).

You can enlarge the space of your reactor by placing up to 6 additional Reactor Chambers directly adjacent to the reactor.

With IndustrialCraft², the reactor system is fully recoded! Instead of lame Uranium refining, you now have to make a good setup for your reactor with all the reactor stuff you can find in the navigation. But one thing wasn't completely changed: nuclear meltdowns!

As of Minecraft 1.3.2 IndustrialCraft² has had a second re-write of the Nuclear Reactor with additional components and removed environmental effects such as water and Ice cooling.

Helpful forum post

Recipe

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Usage

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Reactors are complex and not for the faint of heart. A bad design can suddenly replace your house with a nice new crater.

Reactor Terms

Here are some of the terms often used when describing a reactor and its design.

Heat - The reactor itself and its components can all store heat. If heat levels gets too high, then components will melt, and there will be a risk of a reactor meltdown (see "Violent explosion").

Cooling - Cooling is provided by internal components like a Cooling Cell and the outside environment like water. Cooling is needed to counteract the effects of heat, preventing a meltdown.

Reactor Tick - A reactor 'ticks' once every second. This is when heat, EU generation, and cooling is calculated. (Not to be confused with EU ticks which is a completely different measurement)

Uranium Pulse - Pulses occur every reactor tick, each pulse produces heat and EU. Uranium Cells normally pulse once per tick, but will produce one 'bonus' pulse per neighboring cell (This does not cause the cell to deplete faster, essentially generating bonus energy, but also extra heat).

Breeder Reactor - A type of reactor design that re-enriches Depleted Isotope Cells into full Uranium Cells, but produces little power.

Reactor Design - The pattern in which components are placed within a reactor. A good design can give you nice, safe energy, and a bad design can spontaneously crater-ize your home and its contents (see "Violent explosion").

Full Cycle - The time it takes for a full Uranium Cell to be used up. 10,000 reactor ticks, or 2 hours 47 mins.

Cooldown Period - The time required for an inactive reactor to cool all the excess heat it has collected.

Reactor Hull - This is where heat goes when it's not stored in a component. The maximum heat storage is 10,000, but it can be increased with Reactor Chambers and Integrated Reactor Plating.

Reactor Class - All reactor designs can be a class like "Mark-I-O ED" or "Mark-III EB" which gives an indication of how well a design will perform.

Reactor Efficiency - The average number of pulses per Uranium Cell. (efficiency = pulses / cells)
The more Uranium Cells that are placed next to each other, the higher the efficiency, but also the higher the risk.

Violent explosion - Also known as "reactor meltdown" or "BOOM". What happens if a reactor overheats over it's limit due to overheating. Leaves behind a crater worth being given a name. Note that serious nuclear engineers always place signs next to such craters to remember how it was created. Like "First reactor setup that was almost working as intended" or "Probably should add explosion resistant walls to the next setup".

Reactor Components

A list of the various components that can be used within a reactor.

Main components

Reactor Chamber

Placed adjacent to the reactor block, each additional chamber provides 6 additional cell slots, +1000 hull strength, and 2 cooling per reactor tick. Note that as a reactor only uses water blocks for cooling in the 3x3x3 grid around the central reactor, adding a Reactor Chamber will only add a total of +1 cooling to a water cooled reactor, as it occupies one of the possible water cooling spots.

Cables can be connected to a Reactor Chamber to transmit the power generated by the reactor setup. A Redstone signal applied directly to a Reactor Chamber (such as a redstone wire passing over/into the chamber, or a pulled lever supported by the chamber) will conduct through the chamber to the reactor itself, shutting it down.

Minecraft 1.3.2

as of 9/16/2012 reactors have been updated and so most of this information is invalid

this is what i have found in the first part of testing

a nuclear cell makes 5 eu/tick

dual cell make 20 eu/tick

quad cell makes 60 eu/tick

heat vents apparently do jest that and vent heat.

REACTORS CAN NO LONGER BE COOLED WITH ICE OR WATER BUCKETS

neutron reflectors when placed next to uranium cells will cause them to make more eu/tick

quad 60 eu to 80 eu

dual 20 eu to 30 eu

single 5 to 10 eu

Normal reflectors last for one cycle, where Thick lasts for two. However, they last less time the more Uranium Cells are adjacent.

Uranium components

Uranium Cell

The main fuel for the reactor. Every reactor tick, each cell produces a single generating pulse on its own and an additional generating pulse for each adjacent Uranium Cell, causing a "chain reaction" the more Uranium Cells are placed right next to each other and therefore increasing the efficiency of each single cell. Each such pulse produces a specific amount of heat (depending on the surrounding components) and 200 EU (10EU/t) as of 1.3.2 - Uranium Cells are reduced to 5EU/t. A cell lasts 10,000 reactor ticks (2 hours 47 minutes), and generates 2,000,000 EU total multiplied by the amount of other cells constantly around it, thus up to 10,000,000 EU can be generated from a single cell constantly surrounded by 4 others. When depleted, Uranium Cells may become Near-Depleted Uranium Cells or be lost.

Dual Uranium Cell

As it says on the tin. 1.3.2 brings with it new, staged-upgrades for Nuclear Power. Along with it comes Dual and Quad Uranium Cells. These act as if they're 2 or 4 cells in a Grid pattern. 1 Dual cell acts as 2x Uranium Cells are side-by-side. The output from a single slot used is 20EU/t because of 5EU/t per cell, as well as the +5EU/t per cell adjacent to another.

Quad Uranium Cell

4 Uranium Cells forged together to only take one space in the reactor slot; Output for these are 60EU/t. These new Uranium components allow for much more compact Nuclear Reactor designs - However you still have to manage that heat produced.

Near-Depleted Uranium Cell

The 'empty' state of a Uranium Cell; these can be crafted manually, or have a chance of appearing when a Uranium Cell is depleted within a reactor. They produce 1 heat each reactor tick, but do not generate any EU.

Depleted Isotope Cell

A depleted Uranium Cell mixed with coal dust. When placed next to a Uranium Cell inside a reactor it recharges into a full cell after some time. The time it takes to recharge a depleted cell depends on the amount of surrounding Uranium Cells and the heat the reactor is operating at. The higher the reactor's temperature is, the faster the cells will replenish. Isotope cells produce 1 heat but do not generate any EU, the will however cause adjacent Uranium Cells to pulse an additional time. This additional pulse is used up to re-enrich the Depleted Isotope Cell and will therefore not generate any EU, but it will cause the pulsing Uranium Cell to generate additional heat as usual.

Re-Enriched Uranium Cell

The fully charged state of an isotope cell, it will continue to produce only 1 heat and no EU but it will no longer react with adjacent Uranium Cells. Combined with another coal dust, it will become a brand new Uranium Cell.

Cooling components

As of 1.3.2 Exterior cooling no longer works. Covering the reactor in water will no longer work. Along with this change Ice will no longer have a cooling effect or buckets of water. Instead new components are introduced to handle cooling in more measurable and gradient fashion. Note: The reactor no longer cools over time without the necessary components. Temperatures will sustain without an intervening body such as Coolant Cells

Cooling Cell

Each cooling cell may absorb 10,000 heat before melting and will cool down itself by 1 point of heat each reactor tick. Unless overheated Cooling Cells are not used up, which makes them the main cooling component inside the reactor.

Integrated Reactor Plating

Plating will distribute heat from an adjacent Uranium Cells into surrounding cooling components, which allows to increase the amount of cooling that can be applied directly to an Uranium Cell. Heat distributed in this way can only travel a distance of one slot, possible further platings will only store the heat but not distribute it. Plating also increases the reactor's hull strength by 100 points and can store up to 10,000 heat itself before it melts, if it is unable to direct it into any other cooling component. Integrated Reactor Platings will cool down itself by 0.1 point of heat each reactor tick.

Integrated Heat Disperser

These components will attempt to balance out the levels of heat within the reactor hull, any adjacent component capable of storing heat and itself. During each tick a disperser can exchange up to 25 heat with the reactor hull and up to 6 heat with each of the surrounding components. Note that if all Uranium Cells in a reactor are next to at least one cooling component and therefore no longer emit heat to the reactor itself, an Integrated Heat Dispenser is required to utilize the reactor's own cooling. In addition, as this component is able to exchange heat with the reactor itself, it can as well be used to "move" heat from one place to another inside the reactor (using the reactor's own heat storage as a medium), if for example the space around an Uranium Cell is not sufficient to completely cool the heat it emits.

One time items

No longer work with 1.3.2

Water Bucket

When a reactor's hull has more than 4000 heat, it will evaporate the water inside the bucket, reducing the heat instantly by 250 points and leaving the empty bucket in the slot. This can be used to manually adjust the reactor's temperature or as a hint that the reactor is overheating.

Ice Block

If a reactor's hull has more that 300 heat, it will evaporate ice blocks each tick, reducing the heat instantly by 300 points per block evaporated until it is below the limit of 300 heat. Note that only one ice block per reactor slot is used up per tick, therefore the total amount of heat that can be reduced per tick is limited by the slots occupied by Ice Blocks. Thus even if a reactor is filled up with stacks of ice, it still can blow up violently. Ice blocks can be used to manually cool down a reactor, as a short-time cool-down system in extreme reactor setups, or as an indicator that the reactor is building up heat.

Lava Bucket

Placing a lava bucket inside a reactor will instantly increase the reactor's hull heat by 2,000 points, leaving the empty bucket in the slot. This is useful for 'breeder' type reactors to heat-up the reactor to increase the speed at which Depleted Isotope Cell recharge.

Heating and Cooling

Almost every component and the reactor itself can store heat in an effort to stave off a disaster. It is up to the cooling systems (and you) to get rid of this accumulated heat before the reactor cannot take any more.

The reactor's own storage (known as the reactor hull) starts off at 10,000, but that can be increased by up to 6 extra chambers (+1000 each) or placing plating into the reactor (+100). If the reactor hull reaches 50% of its maximum heat storage, then nearby water will begin to evaporate, and at 85% the reactor has a chance of removing itself from existence... violently.

Heat stored in components will be safely tucked away from the hull, but it will need time for the cooling systems to quench it all.

The most common source of heat is uranium cells, which will produce heat for each pulse they perform. The amount of heat depends on how many cooling components (Cooling Cell, Integrated Reactor Plating, Integrated Heat Disperser) are adjacent to the cell:

No. of Components	Heat Generated
0	10 per pulse into the reactor hull
1	10 per pulse into component
2	8 per pulse, 4 for each component
3	6 per pulse, 2 for each component
4	4 per pulse, 1 for each component

Pro Tip and Warning: Remember, though putting uranium cells next to each other doubles the energy output, it doubles the heat as well, meaning that two uranium cells next to each other will generate 12 heat each with the max possible 3 components around each.

Formula:

H = Heat per Uranium cell
U = Number of adjacent Uranium cells
C = Number of adjacent Components

H = (U + 1) * (10 - (C - 1) * 2)

More cooling systems around a uranium cell mean less overall heat to deal with, making the reactor safer, but it also reduces the potential amount of EU a cell can produce. Risk vs. Reward.

Depleted Isotope cells only produce 1 heat per tick themselves, but they still react with adjacent Uranium Cells and make them pulse additional times.

Near-Depleted Uranium Cells and Re-Enriched Uranium Cells produce 1 heat per tick.

There are several ways to reduce a reactor's heat each tick:

Outside Source Cooling provided The reactor itself 1 heat Each reactor chamber added 2 heat per chamber Water blocks within a 3x3x3 area* 1 heat per block Air 'blocks' within a 3x3x3 area** 0.25 per block * Both still and flowing water count. ** Torches, Redstone, and similar items won't count.

Internal Source Cooling provided Cooling Cell 1 heat*** Integrated Reactor Plating 0.1 heat*** Ice blocks (single use) 300 heat per block Water Buckets (single use) 250 heat per bucket *** Cooling only occurs if the component in question has any heat stored.

The maximum outside cooling possible is 33 (reactor, 6 chambers and 20 water blocks).

If the amount of cooling available is less than the amount of heat produced then the reactor will gradually collect heat. There are various ways to deal with this:

• Make a design that only has a slight amount of excess heat so that even when the Uranium Cells are used up the heat levels are still not dangerous.
• Manually drop Ice blocks and/or Water buckets into the reactor.
• Apply Redstone current to the reactor (or one of its chambers), causing it to stop generating heat and EU for as long as the Redstone current is active.
  • An overheating reactor can be detected by placing redstone dust on top of wood blocks close to the reactor and sending a redstone signal through it; when the reactor heats up past 40%, the wood will burn, breaking the circuit. If this circuit's output is inverted and routed back to the reactor (not on wood blocks, to ensure the segment after the inverter is not destroyed!), it can serve as an automated shutdown / alarm circuit.

Heat management for a 'Breeder' type reactor is different. Breeders work best when running hot, so it's best to make a design that has exactly the same heat and cooling amount, then manually boost the heat by adding lava buckets, removing cooling, or temporarily adding extra uranium cells.

Reactors will emit smoke particles when warm and fire particles when hot. Be careful when using lava buckets, as the 2000 heat goes directly into the hull, and the heat dispersers need time to pull it into the cooling systems.

Environmental Effects of Reactor Heat

As reactors heat up, they will start having detrimental effects on their immediate surroundings. Each additional chamber increases the threshold by 1000 heat, to a maximum of +6000 with 6 chambers. Each piece of hull plating futher increases the heat threshold by 100.

The exact heat effects for reactors are:

% of max hull heat	Environmental effect
40%	Flammable blocks within a 5x5x5 cube have a chance of burning.
50%	Water blocks within a 5x5x5 cube (both sources and flowing) will have a chance of evaporating.
70%	Entities within a 7x7x7 cube (instead of a 3x3x3 cube) will get hurt from the radiation exposure.
85%	Blocks within a 5x5x5 cube have a chance of burning or turning into lava ('moving' lava only, no source blocks).
100%	What environment? That hole in the ground?

Reactor Classification

All reactor designs fall into a set of pre-defined categories. This makes it easier to see, at a glance, how effective a design can be when either looking up designs on the IC forums or posting a design yourself.

Mark I

Mark I reactors generate no excess heat each reactor tick and thus are safe to use continuously for as long as you supply Uranium. Mark Is tend have a low efficiency, but that's the price of a completely safe reactor.

Mark Is have two sub-classes: Mark I-I for design that do not rely in outside cooling in anyway and Mark I-O for those that do.

Mark II

Mark II designs produce a small amount of excess heat and will need to be given a cool down period eventually to prevent the hull reaching 85% maximum heat or melting component. A Mark II must complete at least one full cycle before encountering heat problems.

The sub-class for Mark IIs denote how many cycles the design can run before reaching critical heat levels. For example Mark II-3 will need a cool down period after running 3 cycles in a row. Mark II s that can run 16 times or more get the special sub-class 'E' (Mark II-E) for almost being a Mark I.

Mark III

Mark III reactors tend to have an emphasis on efficiency at the cost of safety. Mark IIIs are unable to complete a full cycle without going into meltdown and thus need to be shutdown mid-cycle in order to deal with the high amount of excess heat. This can be done manually or by using Redstone.

Mark IIIs have the additional condition that they must run at least 10% of a cycle (16 mins 40 secs) before reaching critical heat or losing any components.

Mark IV

Mark IVs still have to run at least 10% of a cycle, just like Mark IIIs. The difference being that Mark IVs are allowed to lose components to overheating, and that must be replaced before the reactor goes critical.

Mark V

Mark Vs are for those who want to squeeze every last scrap of EU from their uranium cells; they cannot run long without needing a cool down period. You'd better have great Redstone timer skills, or you'll never be able to turn your back on these things.

Additional Suffixes

As well as being Mark I to V, reactor designs also have one or more suffixes to better inform people about their performance.

Single Use Coolants

A reactor that relies on a supply of ice and/or water buckets in order to maintain its classification should be suffixed with '-SUC'.

Efficiency

To calculate efficiency, take the number of uranium pulses a design makes per tick and divide it by the number of uranium cells it possesses.

The number provided will show the efficiency rating a design has:

Number	Rating
Exactly 1	EE
Greater than 1 but less than 2	ED
2 or greater but less than 3	EC
3 or greater but less than 4	EB
4 or greater	EA

Breeder

This suffix is for designs that also recharges isotope cells. Isotope cells charge up faster when the reactor runs hot, so heat management is important. There are three breeder types:

• Negative-Breeders slowly lose heat over time and will need heat to be added manually, or they can be left for a safe slow way to recharge isotopes.
• Equal-Breeders have exactly the same heat generation as they do cooling ability and usually only require a user to boost the reactor's heat level manually at the beginning.
• Positive-Breeders gain heat over time and will require more precise cool down management for the reactor to remain hot.

Reactors whose sole purpose is to recharge cells may not even have a 'Mark' classification and are simply called Breeders instead, with the efficiency/SUC suffix added.

Heat	Ticks Required
0-2,999	40,000
3,000-5,999	20,000
6,000-8,999	10,000
OVER 9000!!!	5,000

Example Classifications

Mark I-O EE

A reactor design that can run continuously, but relies on outside cooling and only produces one pulse for each Uranium Cell.

Mark II-1 ED Positive-Breeder

A reactor with recharging capabilities that can only run one full cycle before needing a cool down.

Mark II-2 EC

A reactor design that can run two full cycles before needing a cool down period, producing at least 2 pulses per Uranium per reactor tick on average.

Mark II-E-SUC EC

A reactor that can run at least 16 times before needing a cool down, relying on a supply of ice or water and has average efficiency.

Breeder EA

A heat-neutral reactor designed for the sole purpose of recharging Isotope Cells. Each Uranium Cell is capable of charging 3 or more Isotope Cells.

Reactor Security

As much as nuclear reactors are excellent terraforming devices - if you want to create huge craters - their main use is to create power for your other devices and machines. In order to avoid a sudden violent explosion, you need to take precaution and plan your reactor setup accordingly. In general there are two ways to ensure that a reactor does not unexpectedly react with its surrounding environment: you can either design a stable reactor that never overheats or, if you need more power, you can at least put the reactor into layers of material that - in the unlikely event of a nuclear meltdown - absorb the blast to keep the environment intact.

Stable reactors

The most simplest stable reactor is to put in a single Uranium Cell and surround it with adjacent 4 coolant cells. The Uranium Cell will now produce 4 heat each tick, which will be completely absorbed and cooled down by the coolant cells. This setup can never explode, no matter how many of these sets you manage to squeeze into your reactor chamber, it will always run safely.

This set however only produces 10 EU/t per Uranium Cell, which is very inefficient. If you would put two Uranium Cells adjacent to each other a chain reaction starts, and suddenly each cell produces two times their previous value, for a total of 40 EU/t. However those cells as well double their heat output. So if you still only surround them with Coolant Cells you would not only be restricted to 3 cells for each Uranium Cell (as the 4th spot is taken by the other Uranium Cell), but each of those Coolant Cells would now receive 2 heat per reactor tick, but can only cool down by 1 point per tick. Given some time (actually lots of time) those cooling cells would melt down, the heat emitted by each Uranium Cell increases as it lacks surrounding cooling components, till eventually they emit their combined 40 heat per tick into the reactor hull, which cannot dissipate all the heat on its own, and finally causes a massive explosion.

Adding more cooling components to the setup and using a smart layout of cooling cells, heat dispersers and platings, it is possible to run a chain reaction of 3 Uranium Cells while dissipating all the heat created by this chain reaction using only a reactor with two chambers, thus creating a Mark I (stable) reactor setup with an output 70 EU/t for a total of 14,000,000 EU over the life-time of those three Uranium Cells. It is recommended to insert ice blocks into the reactor chamber while experimenting, which will vaporize as soon as the reactor exceeds 300 heat, indicating that the setup is not stable.

It is not possible, no matter how smart the setup is, to run a stable chain reaction of 4 or more Uranium Cells, as even for the setup with the least heat emitted, you still would need more Coolant Cells than you can fit into the reactor chamber. However, if you have the buildcraft mod you can transport ice and water buckets to the reactor, thus cooling it down. It MAY be possible to use a bulidcraft pump and water proof pipes to pump water into the reactor WITHOUT the use of buckets, but it is not known if that will work. See the buildcraft wiki if you don't understand what I am talking about.

Reducing the Explosion Radius

If you require more than 70 EU/t from your reactor and you are not willing to use up the materials or the space to build a second reactor, you can put in more Uranium Cells into the reactor chamber than it can cool down for some time, to fulfill your need of EU. While extreme setups are capable of outputting over 2000 EU/t they require perfect timing to shut the reactor down just right before it explodes. During experimentation with such setups it is strongly recommended to take security precautions to reduce the explosion radius of an almost perfectly working setup.

In the unlikely event of a nuclear meltdown, the reactor will explode violently and force its internal pressure right into it's surrounding environment. Read: it will destroy everything in a large radius till the entire force of the explosion is used up. To avoid the destruction of your house or other valuable assets, you need to give the possible explosion material to react with that is stable enough to use up at least a good portion of the explosion force. You need Reinforced Stone.

While the reactor will turn everything into molten clumps of lava in a 5x5x5 cube centered around the central reactor given enough time and heat, everything beyond that will survive to absorb the explosion blast. Surrounding the reactor completely with a layer Reinforced Stone will reduce the explosion from a massive crater to a mere hole. Adding a second layer will reduce the explosion to a slight bump into the adjacent material and adding a third layer will guarantee that no matter how violent the explosion might be, only the Reinforced Stone will be consumed by it.

Now you might ask how to transport the generated energy into your storage if you completely surround the reactor with Reinforced Stone or how to apply a redstone signal to shut it down. Smart question! And the answer is: directed force. It is inevitable to have at least some holes in your secure layers, but the good news is, the explosion does not simply destroy a sphere around the reactor, the force that escapes the construction will keep its direction of travel. So if you attach your cables at the top of the reactor, the explosion's force escaping the shelter will only destroy things above the reactor, which under optimal conditions is just air. In the same way a redstone torch from below can be used to signal the reactor to run or shut down, which conveniently can be transmitted through one solid block per torch.

Building a proper shelter around your reactor allows you to experiment with nuclear energy and risk only the reactor itself, some reinforced stone blocks, and your life.

Tips and Tricks

Here are a few tips and things to look out for when using a reactor.

• There is a Thermometer add-on on the IC forum that can be useful for those who want to monitor heat levels closely.
• Redstone timers can turn even Mark Vs into self regulating-reactors, but if you're not the Redstone equivalent of "The One", then you might want to make use of a Redstone enhancing mod, like RedPower, for example.
• Heat Dispersers can only draw 6 heat out of a component per reactor tick, so look for components that seem to be holding more heat than the others and try to fix the problem.
• While the reactor hull's maximum heat tolerance can be increased, all other components are fixed at 10,000. So even though a reactor can survive 10,000+ heat, Heat Dispersers will still pull that heat into components and melt them all.
• A math trick to calculate the number of pulses (P) for complex (i.e. Mark IV or Mark V) reactors is to multiply the number of uranium cells (U) by 5 and subtract the number of sides of uranium cells not touching other uranium cells (S) so P = 5 * U - S. So a Mark V reactor (9x6 uranium cells) would make 5 * (9 * 6) - 2 * (9 + 6) pulses = 240 pulses (and 2400 EU/t which would explode even HV cables and HV transformers, and 2400 heat per second which would explode the reactor in less than a minute (i tested it yesterday).
• It is possible to use buildcraft with a nuclear reactor by connecting pipe to either the main reactor block or its chambers. This can be used to pump ice into the reactor from a chest continuously. Ice can be produced with pumps over infinite water sources adjacent to compressors (creating snowballs) feeding into another compressor which turns snowballs to ice, but it requires about 1400 EU per ice block, and may not be practical.

GUI

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This is the new GUI (fully upgraded with 6 additional Reactor Chambers):

Don't think about using them as a mad scientist's large chest; a reactor will spit out any item that is unrelated to its function. (Other than empty buckets.)

HAYO

IT'S TIME FOR THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, HAYO! And since there's no revolution without sacrifices, we shall now remain quiet for 2 ticks to show our sympathy towards a lone, unnamed engineer, who managed to obtain the ultimate blueprints of Nuclear Engineering. There, silence done, let's check out the blueprints! >>ACCESS GRANTED<<

Step I: Craft the future First of all, you will need to craft a Nuclear Reactor itself. Of course you can't just summon a complex Reactor out of some iron and other stuff! That would be unrealistic. Instead, you first need to craft Nuclear Chambers. These chambers are, duh, CHAMBERS. Accordingly, you merely need a Machine Block and a half'o'stack of Copper. How to craft 33 elements together? Well, use your head, it's all about compressing numbers into quality. (Be advised, I do not take any responsibility to injuries taken due attempts to compress Coppy by hammering it with your head.) After you successfully crafted three, not two, not four, but three, to be spelled, 3, which is the number following after the 2 and going before 4, chambers, you can now easyly create a Nuclear Reactor, by combining the side-wards aligned Chambers with a Generator below and an advanced Circuit above. You say that's much easier then before? Well, I say HAYO. Due to improvements in various blueprints, we managed to cut down useless wasted ressources by 2%, resulting in the new and awesomely cheap recipe. Once you crafter your Reactor, it's already fully operational. Placing it down can be done anywhere, since the new Copper-based isolation will ensure the Reactor to be 100% immune to outward influences, accordingly it does neither heat up or cool down by itself or by surrounding blocks. As you knew from before, a simple Reactor only contains 3 chambers and accordingly offers you 3 coloumns of space for installment of your personlaized reactor setup. You can expand this setup to up to 9 coloumns by placing more chambers (for the math-weak of you: 6) adjacent to the Nuclear Reactor core. Unless you intend to use your Reactor as hayo-ish replacement for a TNT-cannon, I advise to use Reinforced Stone to encase the Reactor in a resistant layer to ensure minimal area destruction in case of 'slight misscalculations'.

Part II: Uranium and you (the radiated individual) Of course the fuel, the source of energy, the symbol of life, the ultimate answer to the question of the sense of life, the universe and how to obtain enough power for everything else, is Uranium. Mined as raw chunks, compressed into craftable Brickets, filled into strangely durable tin cells, you obtain Uranium cells. Be advised that, for your own security, Uranium cells do only do 'something' when the reactor is receiving a direct redstone signal. Uranium cells last for 10.000 seconds (and accordingly 10.000 ReactorTicks) each. The lifetime of an Uranium cell is considered 'one reactor cycle'. Uranium cells constantly and reliably (why? who cares?!) 'pulse' every full second. Every pulse causes an Uranium cells to send out a load of neutrons, whilst consuming 1/10000th of itself. Due to the critical-mass-of-compressed-uranium-in-small-tin-cells-for-whatever-reasons-hayo-rule, only a fractal of the Neutrons will actually cause Nuclear Reaction within the cell. (Reaction are good, they produce energy!). In effect, this causes a single cell to merely produce one 'pulse' of energy. Every pulse of energy produces enough useable heat for the Nuclear Reactor to produce 100 EU, spread out amongst the next 20 ticks, effectively granting 5 EU/t. However, if you place Uranium Cells adjacent to other Uranium Cells, the normally 'lost' Neutrons will hit the adjacent Uranium Cell, creating another pulse (for each adjacent Uranium cell). Therefore, 2 neighbouring cells will create a total of FOUR pulses, opposed to two pulses if they would be seperated. This is called 'efficiency'. Since the lifetime of a cell is not dependant on the amount of pulses it effectively creates (but on it's 10k second lifetime, duh), one piece of Uraniumj can produce 1 or x million EU. Naturally, you will want a higher efficiency to maximize the energy gain of your Reactor. However, the more efficient a cell is, the higher is the not-useable heat produced by it. Whilst useable heat is good, unuseable heat is not. It's like the dark side of good heat, just without cookies. A cell creating 5 EU/t will produce 4 heat per second. 10 EU/t produce 12hps. 15 is 24hps, 20 is 40hps, etc... You will shortly learn how to deal with reactor heat. Lastly, it should be mentioned there are theoretical approaches to condense more Uranium into less space. Of course way too dangerous to attempt this in practical applications, condensing Uranium Cells into more compact arrangements would permit users to reduce the amount of slots needed for actual Uranium Cells. Additionally, it would permit the Uranium Cells to more effectively use it's own emitted Neutrons. For example a, theoretical!, setup of a 'Dual Uranium Cell', would not just produce twice as much energy (and heat) compared to a single cell, but it would additional pulse by itself TWO TIMES (per cell element!), for a total of up to 6 pulses per Neutron emission. With a 'Quad Uranium Cell', this would even increase to a maximum of 7 pulses, the highest efficiency theoretically possible. Though such a setup would create whopping 448 heat per second... which isn't exactly hayo...

Part III: Reactors in heat. ... Wait a second... A reactor can only take so much heat before it will start melting and finally explode (which is a safety measure to prevent in from leaking dangerous radioactivity). Per default, the reactor hull can survive up to 10k heat without lasting damage. However, as the reactor's temperature rises, it will start affecting it's surrounding. Reactor heat can set wooden structures ablaze, melt stone into lava and harm living beings. It is ill-advised to approach hot reactors without full Hazmat-Equipment. To prevent the reactor hull from heating up, you can make use of various Reactor Components. The most simple of those are Coolant Cells. Uranium Cells emit heat to all surrounding components (which can accept it) and will only heat the hull itself if there is no (suitable) component present. For example an Uranium Cell surrounded by four other cells will always heat the reactor hull. Coolant Cells can be constructed in multiple layers of coolant water, permitting the cells to store 10k, 30k or even hayoish 60k of heat. However, by themselves these cells do merely STORE the heat, but don't DISSIPATE any heat and will eventually melt as well (causing the cells to heat the hull again).

For this reason, I hereby present you: HeatSwitches (commonly known as HD or HeatDissipator, HeatDistributer and Strange-Thing-Which-Can-Magically-Alter-Temeperatures). The standard HeatSwitch can store 2500 heat, has a 'sideTransfer rate' of 12 and a 'coreTransfer rate' of 4. All HeatSwitches work the same way: They calculate the % of heat stored in all surrounding tiles, themselves and the reactor hull, calculate a median and then attempt to reach that median on all components. A heatSwitch will first shift around (component <-> switch) the heat of adjacent components, to a max of sideTransfer. Then he will try to balance the heat between itself and the reactor to a max of coreTransfer. The 'Core Heat Switch' does have a sideTransfer rate of 0 (thus no heat balance between adjacent components), but a coreTransfer rate of 72, and a maxHeat of 5000. The 'Spread Heat Switch' does not have a coreTrasnfer, but instead 36 sideTransfer, and a maxHeat of 5000. Lastly, the 'Diamond Heat Switch' has a sideTransfer of 24 and a coreTransfer of 8, and a maxHeat of 10000. Opposed to the old HD's, the switches do NOT dissipate heat, have a LOW heat storage and do go by %, not my static values. F.e. you have a core heat switch (5000 max) and a reactor with some plating (20000 max). The system has a total of 5000 heat. The switch will balance 1000 heat to itself and 4000 to the reactor, resulting in 20% heat for itself and the reactor.

Now you can spread heat through all reactor components and balance it amongst all storage units. But unless you intend to constantly replace the storage components, the heat will merely accumulate all over the time. To solve this, our engineers designed HeatVents (aka Vents, Heat Ventilation, Ventilators, Fans, Followers...) Vents have a maxHeat of 1000 and a 'selfCooling rate' and a 'reactorTransfer rate'. A vent will always first draw heat from the reactor in height of it's reactorTransfer rate, regardless of it's own heat level. They do not 'balance' as heatSwitches do. Second, they will reduce their own heat by the selfCooling rate, venting the heat into the air = Mystically gone. 'Basic Vent's do merely have a selfVent of 6. 'CoreVent's have 5 selfVent and 5 reactorTransfer (effectively applying continous -5Heat/tick to the reactor hull. 'Golden CoreVent's are tricky to use. They provide an amazing 20 selfCooling, but have 36 reactorTransfer. Effectively, this means they will always melt themselves if the reactor has enough heat avaible. It's up to you to figure out how to use them properly. 'Diamond Vent's have 12 selfCooling, but 0 reactorTrasnfer again. There is one special, the 'SpreadVent'. It can NOT take up any heat. However, it automatically cools down all adjacent components by 4 per tick.

Part IV: Have your uranium breed itself By now, you should have run low on Uranium supplies. But luckyly, we still have Breeding to reenrich and reuse spent Uranium! Whenever an Uranium Cell is used up, it has a 25% chance to turn into a Depleted Uranium Cells without enough uraniumized remains to be recycled. Refilling such a depleted cell with Coal Dust will provide the necessary raw material, resulting in an 'Isotope Cell'. During normal Reactor operations, Uranium Cells send out Neutrons every full seconds (as mentioned above). If an Isotope Cell is struck by 10000 Neutrons, it will turn into an Re-Enriched Isotope Cell. Combine this result with some more coal dust and it will turn into a fully useable Uranium Cell again. The process of re-enriching Isotope Cells, however, creates the same amount of heat as the interaction between Uranium Cells, WITHOUT actually producing the according energy. But considering you can obtain a full new Uranium Cell as a 'byproduct' it should still pay out. That's the way of Nuclear Engineering, GangnamHAYO style. Even better though, the re-enrichment of Isotopes by Neutrons seems to be temperature-dependant. For each 3000 units of heat, basing on the reactor hull, there will be one additional Neutron affecting the Isotope. Accordingly, breeding Uranium with reactors on higher temperatures (f.e. 9001 heat) is much more effective (f.e. 4x fast).

However, with all your awesome coolant engineering... how could a reactor possibly heat up that much? The solution has a name: Lava Buckets Heating Cells! Heating Cells, also known as HeatPacks, are special components, harnessing the intense heat of lava to act as UNDIMINISHING source of heat. These things are sort of cheap and stackable. Placing them inside of a reactor will cause them to heat up all surrounding components by 'stackSize' (=the amount of heatcells placed into the same slot). They will keep doing that, until the components heat level reached stackSize*1000. This way you can easyly configure your reactor to remain on a specific heat level. Be advised you should use coolant cells next to the heatpacks, as heating f.e. vents to 30k doesnt really work. At least not for me, HAYO.

Part V: How to turn your Reactor from hayo to HAYO! You probably are asking, right now, 'What the hell? How can a reactor possible contain the heat necessary for successfull breeding?!' The answer is Plating. There are three kinds of plating. The 'Integrated Plating' increases the maximum amount of heat your Reactor can contain by 1000. Additionally, it serves as a buffer and stabilizer in case of emergencys, and will reduce a Reactor's explosion range by 5%. Since this is reallife and not some exploitable computer game, using 20 platings will NOT make your reactor unexplodeable, don't try! Additionally, it reduces the strength of heat-based reactor effects (burning your cookies and setting your factory ablaze) to the same degree. There are, additionally, two modified Plating versions. The 'Heat Plating' grants +2000 maxHeat, but only a 1% modifier, whilst the 'Explosive Plating' grants only +500 maxHeat, but a 10% reduction. Platings DO NOT take or redistribute any sort of heat and accordingly can be safely carried in larger stacks. These stacks (opposed to HeatPacks) don't influence the way they work, though.

And, to make things even 'more better', you can now directly enhance the effectivity of single Uranium Cells WITHOUT the use of other Uranum Cells, by the use of Reflectors. Neutron Reflectors. As their name implies, they will 'reflect lost Neutrons', causing Uranium Cells to pulse equally as if they would be surrounded by more Uranium. Whilst this increases the Uranium Cells heat output, the Neutron Reflector itself will of course not produce additionally heat (opposed to a second Uranium Cell). Neutron Reflectors have a limited life length of 10000 ticks. You can, however, craft a 'Thick Neutron Reflector' with a lifetime of 40k ticks. Be advised: Neutron Reflectoers surrounded by multiple cells will diminish faster (2 cells adjacent to the same reflector will deplete it in half of a cell cycle). To give you an example of this astonishing techonology: Surrounding a single uranium cell with 4 Reflectors will grant it efficiency class 5.

And if all these methods just don't cut it: Condensators Condensators are a special tool to reduce Reactor heat. They come as Redstone and as LapisLazuli versions (latter one being an upgrade of former). Condensators will accept any amounts of heat from surrounding components (though they don't balance heat around themseles), and INSTANTLY disperse the heat by using their fuel. Yes, you heard right: INSTANT dispersion of UNLIMITE amounts of heat. Effecively a black hole. For heat. Within your Nuclear Reactor. Uhm... HAYO! A Redstone Condensator can absorb 20k heat, refilling it (crafting) with redstone will restore 10k of it's capcity. LapisLazuli Condensators can absorb 100k heat, redstone refills 5k and Lapis Lazuli 40k.

Part VI: Last and most likely least... Due to copyright issues and nostalgic ideals, it's still recommended to use the 'old' system of labelling your Reactor designs. You can find the somewhat outdated notes here: Handbook for Reactor-Labelling.

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